On 6 July 2026, MarineGuardian brought together fishers and scientists in Sada, Galicia, Spain, for a workshop focused on a question that is central to the project’s mission: what does it really take to make a new solution work in practice?
The workshop was organised as part of Case Study 6: Iberian Waters & Bay of Biscay, led by IEO-CSIC, and brought together 11 fishers from ACERGA, the Galician Association of Purse-seine Owners, and four scientists from CSIC.
The focus was on interactions between bottlenose dolphins and the artisanal purse-seine fleet, and in particular on the potential use of acoustic deterrent devices, or pingers, to reduce these interactions.
But rather than simply presenting a technology to fishers, the workshop started with the approach used in MarineGuardian, listen first.
Looking beyond the technology
MarineGuardian’s workshop methodology, developed by SINTEF for the project’s case studies, is designed to identify the barriers that can prevent solutions from being successfully implemented. The approach recognises that technological performance alone does not determine whether a solution will be adopted.
Participants were invited to imagine a future in which effective pingers, with no negative effects on fishing activity, had been successfully implemented across Galicia’s artisanal purse-seine fleet.
The question was simple:
How did we get there?
Through a participatory conceptual mapping exercise, the participants explored the different factors that could influence successful implementation, including regulation, markets, technology, access to fishing areas, research, climate change and the fishing industry itself. Several themes quickly emerged.

Effective technology must be designed with fishers
For the participants, one of the first requirements is clear: mitigation technologies need to be truly effective and adapted to fishing realities.
Fishers highlighted concerns about dolphins becoming accustomed to deterrent devices and stressed the need for technologies that can adapt, including through varying frequencies. But effectiveness is not only about technical performance.
Participants strongly emphasised that solutions should be developed collaboratively by researchers and fishers. Their practical experience of fishing operations needs to be taken into account from the beginning, rather than only after a technology has already been developed.
The cost of implementation matters
Even if a technology works, its cost can determine whether it is realistically adopted.
Participants highlighted the high price of existing acoustic mitigation devices as a significant barrier. They suggested that, if effectiveness can be demonstrated, such technologies should be subsidised or provided to fishers at no cost. The economic dimension goes beyond the price of a pinger.
Bottlenose dolphin interactions can cause damage to fishing nets and affect fishing activity. Participants described situations in which the problem can become serious enough that fishers choose not to go fishing on certain days.
For a sector already concerned about economic profitability and generational renewal, the financial consequences of ineffective mitigation can therefore become an important obstacle to the long-term sustainability of the fishery.
Better communication is essential
One of the strongest messages from the workshop was the need for better and more regular communication between fishers, scientists and government authorities.
Participants called for regular meetings and reliable communication channels, and stressed that local knowledge should be incorporated into scientific studies and decision-making.
The discussion also highlighted dissatisfaction with aspects of current fisheries legislation and management. They also stressed the importance of consistency when restrictions concerning particular species are applied across different fishing sectors.
These discussions demonstrate that implementation is not simply a question of whether a technology exists. The regulatory and governance environment in which that technology is introduced can be equally important.
From discussion to a shared map of challenges
The workshop’s second participatory exercise used fuzzy cognitive mapping to explore how the different factors identified by participants interact with one another.
The resulting map highlighted several priorities:
- improving communication between researchers, government and the fishing sector;
- promoting co-management between scientists, authorities and fishers;
- adapting legislation to better reflect local fishing realities;
- recognising and incorporating local knowledge; and
- providing access to effective technologies, including through government support.
At the same time, participants identified factors that can work against successful implementation, particularly a perceived failure of administrations to listen and legislation that they consider poorly adapted to the realities of the sector. The exercise therefore provided more than a list of individual barriers: it helped illustrate how technology, economics, regulation, knowledge and stakeholder relationships are interconnected.

Co-creation at the heart of MarineGuardian
The workshop ended with a clear message from the fishing sector: these conversations need to continue. Participants expressed interest in maintaining communication with the research team and in organising similar forums involving government representatives. They valued having a space where they could openly share their experiences and concerns.
The CSIC research team, in turn, reaffirmed its commitment to keeping channels of collaboration open and to incorporating fishers’ knowledge into the development of MarineGuardian solutions.
A solution is not successful simply because it works in a laboratory or in a controlled trial. It must also work for the people who will use it, within the economic, regulatory and operational realities of their fishery.
By bringing fishers into the conversation early, MarineGuardian is working to identify these realities before solutions reach the final stages of implementation, and to ensure that technological innovation is matched by social, economic and governance innovation.










































